What function does a catalytic converter perform in a vehicle's exhaust system?

A catalytic converter plays a crucial role in a vehicle's exhaust system by purifying exhaust fumes. It achieves this by converting harmful pollutants produced during combustion—such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides—into less harmful emissions, like carbon dioxide and nitrogen. This conversion is facilitated through chemical reactions that take place in the catalytic converter, which contains precious metals like platinum, palladium, and rhodium that act as catalysts to promote these reactions.

The functioning of the catalytic converter is essential for meeting environmental standards and reducing the overall impact of vehicle emissions on air quality. By ensuring that a higher proportion of pollutants are converted into less harmful substances before they exit the vehicle's exhaust system, the catalytic converter significantly contributes to cleaner air and compliance with regulations aimed at minimizing vehicular pollution.